Today’s Riotous Yet Truly Morbid Fact!
On July 27, 1919, an African-American teenager drowned in Lake Michigan after violating the unofficial segregation of Chicago’s beaches and being stoned by a group of white youths. His death, and the police’s refusal to arrest the white man whom eyewitnesses identified as causing it, sparked a week of rioting between gangs of black and white Chicagoans, concentrated on the South Side neighborhood surrounding the stockyards. When the riots ended on August 3, 15 whites and 23 blacks had been killed and more than 500 people injured; an additional 1,000 black families had lost their homes when they were torched by rioters.
The following is how the first day of the riot was relayed in the July 28, 1919 issue of the Chicago Tribune.
Report Two Killed, Fifty Hurt, in Race Riots
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BATHING BEACH FIGHT SPREADS TO BLACK BELT
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All Police Reserves Called to Guard South Side.
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Two colored men are reported to have been killed and approximately fifty whites and negroes injured, a number probably fatally, in race riots that broke out at south side beaches yesterday. The rioting spred [sic] through the black belt and by midnight had thrown the entire south side into a state of turmoil.
Among the known wounded are four policemen of the Cottage Grove avenue station, two from west side stations, one fireman of engine company No. 9, and three women.
One Negro was knocked off a raft at the Twenty-ninth street beach after he had been stoned by whites. He drowned because whites are said to have frustrated attempts of colored bathers to rescue him. The body was recovered, but could not be identified.
A colored rioter is said to have died from wounds inflicted by Policeman John O’Brien, who fired into a mob at Twenty-ninth street and Cottage Grove avenue. The body, it is said, was spirited away by colored men.
Drag Negroes from Cars.
So serious was the trouble throughout the district that Acting Chief of Police Alcock was unable to place an estimate on the injured. Scores received cuts and bruises from flying stones and rocks, but went to their homes for medical attention.
Minor rioting continued through the night all over the south side. Negroes who were found in street cars were dragged to the street and beaten.
They were first ordered to the street by white men and if they refused the trolley was jerked off the wires.
Scores of conflicts between the whites and blacks were reported at south side stations and reserves were ordered to stand guard on all important street corners. Some of the fighting took place four miles from the scene of the afternoon riots.
When the Cottage Grove avenue station received a report that several had drowned in the lake during the beach outbreak, Capt. Joseph Mullen assigned policemen to drag the lake with grappling hooks. The body of a colored man was recovered, but was not identified.
Boats Scour Lake.
Rumors that a white boy was a lake victim could not be verified. The patrol boats scoured the lake in the vicinity of Twenty-ninth street for several hours in a vain search.
John O’Brien, a policeman attached to the Cottage Grove avenue station, was attacked by a mob at Twenty-ninth and State streets after he had tried to rescue a fellow cop from a crowd of howling Negroes. [Wow, racist much, Trib? – DeSpair] Several shots were fired in his direction and he was wounded in the left arm. He pulled his revolver and fired four times into the gathering. Three colored men dropped.
Man Cop Shot Dies.
When the police attempted to haul the wounded into the wagon the Negroes made valiant attempts to prevent them. Two were taken to the Michael Reese hospital, but the third was spirited away by the mob. It was later learned that he died in a drug store a short distance from the shooting.
Fire apparatus from a south side house answered an alarm of fire which was turned in from a drug store at Thirty-fifth and State streets. It was said that more than fifty whites had sought refuge here and that a number of Negroes had attempted to “smoke them out.” There was no semblance of a fire when the autos succeeded in brushing through the populated streets.
Partial List of Wounded.
An incomplete list of the wounded follows:
POLICEMAN JOHN F. O’BRIEN, Cottage Grove avenue station; white; shot in left arm; taken to his home at 7181 South Michigan avenue.
POLICEMAN JOHN O’CONNELL, same station; white; knocked down and beaten.
POLICEMAN JOHN CALLAHAN, same station; white; beaten and bruised by mob.
POLICEMAN THOMAS J. GALLAGHER, same station; white; scalp wounds.
EDWARD HAUSNER, white, 4347 S. State street, cut about legs and face.
ARTHUR CARROLL, white; 2979 Prairie avenue, head bruised by stone.
JAMES CRAWFORD, colored, 2959 Federal street, shot through abdomen; probably will die; taken to Michael Reese hospital.
CHARLES CORMIER, white, 2839 Cottage Grove avenue, shot in head by stray bullet.
WILLIAM LONG, white, 2215 S. State street; cut in head and back.
JOSEPH WIGGINS, colored, 2417 Wabash avenue, beaten about head.
PHIL GRIFFIN, colored, 912 East Thirty-third street, shot in both legs.
GEORGE STAUBER, white, 2904 Cottage Grove avenue, beaten and cut.
HERMAN RABISOHN, white, 1804 South State street, bruised by missiles.
JOHN O’NEIL, white, 1828 West Thirty-fifth street, struck on head by brick.
WALTER CARSON, white, same address, face cut by rock.
WILLIAM CHESHIRE, white, 3529 South Hermitage avenue; stabbed in face; taken to Provident hospital.
ANTON DUGO, white, 627 East Twenty-fifth street; shot in leg; taken to St. Anthony’s hospital.
WILLIAM SCOTT, colored, 3611 Vernon avenue; scalp wounds.
MISS MAMIE McDONALD, white, 2901 Emerald avenue; head cut by brick.
MISS FRANCES McDONALD, sister, same address; back injured by rock.
MRS. GLADYS WILLIAMS, white, 2818 Indiana avenue; face bruised by stone.
MELVIN DAVIS, colored, 2816 Cottage Grove avenue, beaten while waiting for Halsted street car.
HARRY SPEEZ, colored, 3142 West Fifteenth street, knocked unconscious by whites at Thirty-first and Halsted streets.
LEWIS PHILLIPS, colored, 452 East Thirty-ninth street, shot in groin while riding to Thirty-ninth street car; taken to Provident hospital.
FRANK WALLS, white, pipeman of Engine company 9, struck in neck by rock.
EVELYN BOYDE, white, 530 West Twenty-seventh street, hit on face and hip by stones.
FRANCES BOYDE, sister, same address, knocked down by rock.
LEWIS B. KNIGHT, white, 6400 Dorchester avenue; beaten about head with club.
Shot at his Window.
Charles Cormier was sitting in his window at 2839 Cottage Grove avenue watching the clashing mobs. A stray bullet lodged in his head and he fell back into the room. Spectators saw him being helped to a chair by a woman.
Racial feeling, which had been on a par with the weather during the day took fire shortly after 5 o’clock when white bathers at the Twenty-ninth street improvised beach saw a colored boy on a raft paddling into what they termed “white” territory.
A snarl of protest went up from the whites and soon a volley of rocks and stones were sent in his direction. One rock, said to have been thrown by George Stauber of 2904 Cottage Grove avenue, struck the lad and he toppled into the water.
Cop Refuses to Interfere.
Colored men who were present attempted to go to his rescue, but they were kept back by the whites, it is said. Colored men and women, it is alleged, asked Policeman Dan Callahan of the Cottage Grove station to arrest Stauber but he is said to have refused.
Then, indignant at the conduct of the policeman, the Negroes set upon Stauber and commenced to pommel him. The whites came to his rescue and then the battle royal was on. Fists flew and rocks were hurled. Bathers from the colored Twenty-fifth street beach were attracted to the scene of the battling and aided their comrades in driving the whites into the water.
Crowds gathering at Twenty-ninth Street Beach.
Negroes Chase Policemen.
Then they turned on Policeman Callahan and drove him down Twenty-ninth street. He ran into a drug store at Twenty-ninth street and Cottage Grove avenue and phoned the Cottage Grove avenue police station.
Two wagon loads of cops rolled to the scene and in a scuffle that ensued here Policeman John O’Brien and three blacks were shot.
Riot calls were sent to the Cottage Grove avenue station and more reserves were sent into the black belt. By this time the battling had spread along Cottage Grove avenue and outbreaks were conspicuous at nearly every corner.
A horde of young white men run to the corner where a young black man was being beaten.
Meanwhile the fighting continued along the lake. Miss Mame McDonald and her sister, Frances, had been bathing with a friend, Lieut. Runkle, a convalescing soldier. A colored woman walked up to the trio and made insulting remarks, it is said.
Runkle attempted to interfere, but the colored woman voiced a series of oaths and promptly struck the soldier in the face. Negroes in the vicinity hurled stones and rocks at the women and both were slightly injured.
Reserves Called Out.
In less than a half hour after the beach outbreak, Cottage Grove avenue and State street from Twenty-ninth south to Thirty-fifth were bubbling caldrons [sic] of action.
When the situation had gotten beyond the control of the Cottage Grove police, Acting Chief of Police Alcock was notified. He immediately sent out a call to every station in the city to rush all available men to the black belt.
Before they arrived colored and white men were mobbed in turn. The blacks added to the racial feeling by carrying guns and brandishing knives. It was not until the reserves arrived that the rioting was quelled.
Police remove the body of a black man.
Whites Arm Selves.
News of the afternoon doings had spread through all parts of the south side by nightfall, and whites stood at all prominent corners ready to avenge the beatings their brethren had received. Along Halsted and State streets they were armed with clubs, and every Negro who appeared was pommeled.
Lewis Phillips, colored, was riding in a Thirty-ninth street car, when a white man took a pot shot from the corner as the car neared Halsted Street. Phillips was wounded in the groin and was taken to the Provident hospital.
Melvin Davies, colored, of 2816 Cottage Grove avenue, was waiting for a Thirty-fifth street car at Parnell avenue when he was slugged from behind. His assailants disappeared.
White men stoning a black man.
The Cops arrived too late.
Culled from: Chicago Daily Tribune, July 28, 1919