Category Archives: Library

MFDJ 05/13/19: Doomed on Denali

Today’s Frozen Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

In July 1967, two separate groups of young men set out to climb Denali (Mount McKinley). Those groups ended up merging into what’s now commonly called the Wilcox Expedition, named after group leader Joe Wilcox. His name is unfortunately associated with the deadliest climbing disaster in American history, as a lethal storm killed seven of the 12 men who set out to summit the mountain.


The Wilcox Expedition, Before Disaster Struck

Though Denali isn’t Mount Everest, it does present its own unique challenge: highly unpredictable weather. In the morning it can be calm; hours later, the mountain can be overtaken by a whiteout with high winds. A seven-day mega-storm descended on Denali during the Wilcox Expedition’s climb, making it impossible for a rescue mission to even attempt to save anyone.

The Wilcox Expedition was the conglomeration of two separate groups. Three men from Colorado – Paul Schlichter, Howard Snyder, and Jerry Lewis – had to join Wilcox’s team after their fourth man was unable to climb. Wilcox’s group included Ansel Schiff, Jerry Clark, Steve Taylor, Dennis Luchterhand, Henry James, Mark McLaughlin, Walt Taylor, and John Russell. The group was not nearly experienced as other climbers, such as Henry Worsley, who also perished under extreme conditions.

The three Colorado men all survived, as did Wilcox and Schiff. The other seven were claimed by the mountain, and there they remain – much like the bodies left on Mount Everest – frozen in time.

When rescuers finally reached the group’s campsite, they found no survivors. Instead, they discovered a tent in pieces wrapped around a body that was holding onto a tent pole. Due to the weather, the body had frozen and thawed, and it had started to decompose. Two more completely frozen bodies were also found.

The other four were never found. One climber’s bamboo stick was found next to a crevasse, but there was no way rescuers could rappel down into it. Babcock’s rescue group noted the climbers were not tied together, indicating their lack of experience.

Through the lens of modern technology and medicine, it may seem unbelievable that a body couldn’t be identified. Between DNA, dental records, and the myriad other ways that technology has enabled to us to identify remains even decades later, it’s hard to recall it wasn’t always so easy. In 1967, this was the reality those involved with the Denali disaster faced.

Between decomposition and bodies being completely frozen and covered in snow, rescuers had no way of telling who was who. To make matters worse, there was also no way to get the bodies down off the mountain. One rescuer said, “I should have taken a photo. I don’t know why I didn’t. It would have helped the family members know who it was and given them the closure.”

A group was later organized to retrieve the seven dead climbers to put their bodies to rest, but they were never located.

Here is the account of the rescue team finding the first body:

… After several more minutes of trudging up through the wind-crusted snow, the Wilcox team’s 17,900-foot-high Camp VII came into view. There was no movement, no welcoming calls, and no survivors. Just silence.

Mark McLaughlin’s homemade tent stood oddly taut in the light breeze. Next to it was, as Bill Babcock described in his journal, “a ghastly sight, a man sitting upright alongside a Logan tent. Face and hands are blue, green, white, frozen yet decomposing.” \

Ireton said the frozen man wore orange and his face was covered with snow. “He was blown over, but during the storm he was holding the pole,” he said. “The tent had probably ripped apart and the sleeping bag had blown away and he was there holding the pole and he obviously froze to death.”

Culled from: Ranker.Com and Denali’s Howl: The Deadliest Climbing Disaster on America’s Wildest Peak

 

Wretched Review: Denali’s Howl

Denali’s Howl: The Deadliest Climbing Disaster on America’s Wildest Peak
by Andy Hall

I’ve read a lot of books about doomed mountaineering expeditions and I have to say this isn’t one of the better ones. It’s not really that the book is poorly written, it’s just that there really isn’t a lot of detail that can be filled in surrounding this tragedy. Basically, 7 men climbed Mt. Denali (McKinley) in 1967, got caught in a terrible storm, and died. Considering they were out of radio contact with the men during the storm and the three bodies that were briefly found (before being covered up in further storms and lost again) didn’t have any documentation with them, there really isn’t much detail that can be filled in. And I can’t blame the author for that. Maybe some stories are better left as single chapters instead of full books.

3/5

MFDJ 05/11/19: Desperation at Sea

My life is finally starting to settle down a bit, after an extended stretch of insanity.  I apologize for being gone for so long, but I couldn’t do much about it.

Today’s Shipwrecked Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

Among shipwrecked sailors, “the practice of eating each other when they became hungry” was so well-established that it was widely accepted as an occupational hazard. In November 1820, for example, the Essex, a ship from Nantucket, sank in the South Pacific after being rammed by a mammoth sperm whale (an incident that served as the inspiration for Melville’s Moby-Dick). Though the twenty crewmen might have easily sailed to the relatively accessible islands of the Marquesas, they were terrified of falling into the clutches of the reportedly cannibalistic natives and chose instead to make for the coast of South America, nearly three thousand miles away. After two nightmarish months adrift on the ocean, the starving survivors turned cannibal themselves.

For the most part, they consumed the corpses of shipmates who had perished of exposure or starvation. In one instance, however, a seventeen-year-old seaman named Owen Coffin – cousin of the ships’ captain, George Pollard – was sacrificed for food after drawing a losing lot. When Pollard was finally rescued, he was found at the bottom of his whaleboat, sucking marrow from his butchered cousin’s bones. Despite having engaged in gastronomic incest, Pollard’s townspeople absolved him of blame, the drawing of lots for the purpose of survival cannibalism having long been accepted as the “custom of the sea.”

Culled from: Man-Eater: The Life and Legend of an American Cannibal

 

Wretched Reviews: Man-Eater

Man-Eater: The Life and Legend of an American Cannibal
by Harold Schechter

I love true crime books by Harold Schechter. He is so good at getting to the details of the case without leaving anything essential behind. Here, he cuts through to the bone of the Alfred Packer case. You remember Alfred? He went into the Colorado mountains in 1873 with 4 other men, but he was the only one who walked out; the rest were found butchered and devoured. Packer admitted cannibalizing the men but insisted that one of the other men had gone crazy and killed three of them while Packer was away, and that Packer had to kill him in self-defense when he came back to camp. A likely story, and one that was not believed in court.

This book also talks about several other famous cases of cannibalism which I will undoubtedly be using for Morbid Facts in the near future. The only less than stellar thing about the book is its primary subject matter. There really wasn’t a lot to Packer once you got past the cannibalism, so some of the book drags a bit. But hey, at least we got ‘Cannibal: the Musical’ out of Packer’s primal brutality!

4/5

MFDJ 03/06/19: Bitter Defeat in a Frozen Wasteland

Today’s Bitterly Cold Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

For Lawrence Oates, the race to the South Pole had a portentous start. Just two days after the Terra Nova Expedition left New Zealand in November 1910, a violent storm killed two of the 19 ponies in Oates’s care and nearly sank the ship. His journey ended almost two years later, when he stepped out of a tent and into the teeth of an Antarctic blizzard after uttering ten words that would bring tears of pride to mourning Britons. During the long months in between, Oates’s concern for the ponies paralleled his growing disillusionment with the expedition’s leader, Robert Falcon Scott.


Lawrence Oates

Oates had paid one thousand pounds for the privilege of joining Scott on an expedition that was supposed to combine exploration with scientific research. It quickly became a race to the South Pole after the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, already at sea with a crew aboard the Fram, abruptly changed his announced plan to go to the North Pole. “BEG TO INFORM YOU FRAM PROCEEDING ANTARCTIC—AMUNDSEN,” read the telegram he sent to Scott. It was clear that Amundsen would leave the collecting of rock specimens and penguin eggs to the Brits; he wanted simply to arrive first at the pole and return home to claim glory on the lecture circuit.


Treacherous Norskie, Roald Amundsen

Born in 1880 to a wealthy English family, Lawrence Oates attended Eton before serving as a junior officer in the Second Boer War.  A gunshot wound in a skirmish that earned Oates the nickname “Never Surrender” shattered his thigh, leaving his left leg an inch shorter than his right.

Still, Robert Scott wanted Oates along for the expedition, but once Oates made it to New Zealand, he was startled to see that a crew member (who knew dogs but not horses) had already purchased ponies in Manchuria for five pounds apiece. They were “the greatest lot of crocks I have ever seen,” Oates said. From past expeditions, Scott had deduced that white or gray ponies were stronger than darker horses, though there was no scientific evidence for that. When Oates told him that the Manchurian ponies were unfit for the expedition, Scott bristled and disagreed. Oates seethed and stormed away.


Oates with the Unfortunate Ponies on the Terra Nova

Inspecting the supplies, Oates quickly surmised that there was not enough fodder, so he bought two extra tons with his own money and smuggled the feed aboard the Terra Nova. When, to great fanfare, Scott and his crew set off from New Zealand for Antarctica on November 29, 1910, Oates was already questioning the expedition in letters home to his mother: “If he gets to the Pole first we shall come home with our tails between our legs and make no mistake. I must say we have made far too much noise about ourselves all that photographing, cheering, steaming through the fleet etc. etc. is rot and if we fail it will only make us look more foolish.” Oates went on to praise Amundsen for planning to use dogs and skis rather than walking beside horses. “If Scott does anything silly such as underfeeding his ponies he will be beaten as sure as death.”


Terra Nova in the Antarctic

After a harrowingly slow journey through pack ice, the Terra Nova arrived at Ross Island in Antarctica on January 4, 1911. The men unloaded and set up base at Camp Evans, as some crew members set off in February on an excursion in the Bay of Whales, off the Ross Ice Shelf—where they caught sight of Amundsen’s Fram at anchor. The next morning they saw Amundsen himself, crossing the ice at a blistering pace on his dog sled as he readied his animals for an assault on the South Pole, some 900 miles away. Scott’s men had had nothing but trouble with their own dogs, and their ponies could only plod along on the depot-laying journeys they were making to store supplies for the pole run.


No place for ponies!

Given their weight and thin legs, the ponies would plunge through the top layer of snow; homemade snowshoes worked only on some of them. On one journey, a pony fell and the dogs pounced, ripping at its flesh. Oates knew enough to keep the ponies away from the shore, having learned that several ponies on Ernest Shackleton’s Nimrod expedition (1907-1909) had fallen dead after eating salty sand there. But he also knew some of his animals simply would not hold up on any lengthy journey. He suggested to Scott that they kill the weaker ones and store the meat for the dogs at depots on the way to the pole. Scott would have none of it, even though he knew that Amundsen was planning to kill many of his 97 Greenland dogs for the same purpose.

“I have had more than enough of this cruelty to animals,” Scott replied, “and I’m not going to defy my feelings for the sake of a few days’ march.”

“I’m afraid you’ll regret it, Sir,” Oates answered.


Sled Dog Used in ‘His Master’s Voice’ Recreation

The Terra Nova crews continued with their depot-laying runs, with the dogs becoming “thin as rakes” from long days of heavy work and light rations. Two ponies died of exhaustion during a blizzard. Oates continued to question Scott’s planning. In March of 1911, with expedition members camped on the ice in McMurdo Sound, a crew woke in the middle of the night to a loud cracking noise; they left their tents to discover they were stranded on a moving ice floe. Floating beside them on another floe were the ponies.

The men hopped over to the animals and began moving them from floe to floe, trying to get them back to the Ross Ice Shelf to safety. It was slow work, as they often had to wait for another floe to drift close enough to make any progress at all.

Then a pod of killer whales began circling the floe, poking their heads out of the water to see over the floe’s edge, their eyes trained on the ponies. As Henry Bowers described in his diary, “the huge black and yellow heads with sickening pig eyes only a few yards from us at times, and always around us, are among the most disconcerting recollections I have of that day. The immense fins were bad enough, but when they started a perpendicular dodge they were positively beastly.”

Oates, Scott and others came to help, with Scott worried about losing his men, let alone his ponies. Soon, more than a dozen orcas were circling, spooking the ponies until they toppled into the water. Oates and Bowers tried to pull them to safety, but they proved too heavy. One pony survived by swimming to thicker ice. Bowers finished off the rest with a pick axe so the orcas at least wouldn’t eat them alive.

“These incidents were too terrible,” Scott wrote.

Worse was to come. In November 1911, Oates left Cape Evans with 14 other men, including Scott, for the South Pole. The depots had been stocked with food and supplies along the route. “Scott’s ignorance about marching with animals is colossal,” Oates would write. “Myself, I dislike Scott intensely and would chuck the whole thing if it were not that we are a British expedition.… He is not straight, it is himself first, the rest nowhere.”


Robert Falcon Scott

Unlike Scott, Amundsen paid attention to every detail, from the proper feeding of both dogs and men to the packing and unpacking of the loads they would carry, to the most efficient ski equipment for various mixtures of snow and ice. His team traveled twice as fast as Scott’s, which had resorted to manhauling their sledges.


Manhauling

By the time Scott and his final group of Oates, Bowers, Edward Wilson and Edgar Evans had reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912, they saw a black flag whipping in the wind. “The worst has happened,” Scott wrote. Amundsen had beaten them by more than a month.

“The POLE,” Scott wrote. “Yes, but under very different circumstances from those expected. We have had a horrible day—add to our disappointment a head wind 4 to 5, with a temperature -22 degrees, and companions laboring on with cold feet and hands.… Great God! This is an awful place and terrible enough for us to have labored to it without the reward of priority.”


The Defeated Men at the South Pole.
L-R: Wilson, Bowers, Scott (standing), Evans and Oates. 

The return to Camp Evans was sure to be “dreadfully long and monotonous,” Scott wrote. It wasn’t monotonous. Edgar Evans took a fall on February 4th and became “dull and incapable,” according to Scott; he died two weeks later after another fall near the Beardmore Glacier. The four survivors were suffering from frostbite and malnutrition, but seemingly constant blizzards, temperatures of 40 degrees below zero and snowblindness limited their progress back to camp.


Evans, Scott, Bowers, and Wilson getting into their sleeping bags

Oates, in particular, was suffering. His old war wound now practically crippled him, and his feet were “probably gangrene,” according to Ross D.E. MacPhee’s Race to the End: Amundsen, Scott and the Attainment of the South Pole. Oates asked Scott, Bowers and Wilson to go on without him, but the men refused. Trapped in their tent during a blizzard on March 16th or 17th (Scott’s journal no longer recorded dates), with food and supplies nearly gone, Oates stood up. “I am just going outside and may be some time,” he said—his last ten words.

The others knew he was going to sacrifice himself to increase their odds of returning safely, and they tried to dissuade him. But Oates didn’t even bother to put his boots on before disappearing into the storm. He was 31. “It was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman,” Scott wrote.


“A Very Gallant Gentleman” by John Charles Dollman, 1913

 

Two weeks later, Scott himself was the last to go. “Had we lived,” Scott wrote in one of his last diary entries, “I should have had a tale to tell of the hardihood, endurance and courage of my companions which would have stirred the heart of every Englishman.  These rough notes and our dead bodies must tell the tale.”

Roald Amundsen was already telling his tale, one of triumph and a relatively easy journey to and from the South Pole. Having sailed the Fram into Tasmania earlier in March, he knew nothing of Scott’s ordeal—only that there had been no sign of the Brits at the pole when the Norwegians arrived. Not until October 1912 did the weather improve enough for a relief expedition from Terra Nova to head out in search of Scott and his men. The next month they came upon Scott’s last camp and cleared the snow from the tent. Inside, they discovered the three dead men in their sleeping bags. Oates’s body was never found.

Culled from: Smithsonian

 

Wretched Reviews: The Worst Journey in the World

Robert Falcon Scott’s ill-fated adventure is on my mind right now because, on the advice of MFDJ patron Kevin Zurawel, I just finished reading the book The Worst Journey in the World written by Apsley Cherry-Garrard, one of the men on the expedition who was fortunately not selected for the dash to the Pole. So, why not a review?

The Worst Journey in the World
by Apsley Cherry-Garrard

First of all, I have to admit that I thought this book would never end! It was recommended to me by a Morbid Fact Du Jour follower for its first-hand depiction of the ill-fated British expedition to the South Pole led by Robert Falcon Scott in 1912. And yes, the chapters that detailed the painful journeys across the frozen wasteland, both a ridiculous trip to collect Emperor penguin embryos in the darkness of the Antarctic winter and the actual push for the South Pole, are fascinating.

However, for every chapter like that there are four chapters of pure tedium. The book was written by Apsley Cherry-Garrard, one of the members of the expedition, and he spares no detail in his retelling of the journey. I mean it. NO detail. “Cherry” could spend one chapter just describing what the arctic looked like on one particular day. And the next chapter he could describe the next day, or he could detail everything you could possibly (not) want to know about the Adelie penguin. Or he could tell you every detail of what every person did on a given day. One guy walked his mule, another took meteorological readings, another did the cooking, another read a book, etc. etc. I mean, I guess if his point was to try to make the reader feel the same endless tedium that he felt in his two year journey, it’s a stunning success! Suffice to say, I did a lot of skimming while reading this one.

Oh, and don’t get me started on the animal abuse. I know it was a “different time” but these assholes actually traveled across the ocean with the sled dogs, uncovered, on the deck. One dog actually slid off the deck to its death during the journey. They were depicted as shivering, soaking wet, huddled together with their backs to the constant spray. And the ponies didn’t fare much better. Who takes ponies to the Arctic anyway??? They hardly have the coats for that kind of cold, and hooves are not especially good at navigating snow. Needless to say, they suffered immensely and the ones that hadn’t died during storms or from being devoured by Orcas ended up being sacrificed for dog/human food by the end of the journey.

The chapters that detail the two main journeys of the expedition are stay-up-past-your-bedtime fascinating though. The first journey, to collect Emperor penguin eggs, was suicidally insane.  Since the penguins lay their eggs in the deep of winter, the three-man team (including the author) had to travel through complete 24-hour darkness and -75 f temperatures. Their clothing and sleeping bags froze into solid sheets, they were constantly in danger of falling into a crevasse in the dark, they ran low on fuel and food, and at one point the cold was so intense that Cherry-Garrard actually shattered his teeth from intense chattering.

Even more harrowing was the hurricane that hit their igloo after they had collected the eggs, just before they were going to head home. The intense gale blew the roof off their igloo and blew their tent away, and they were left to huddle together in a corner under the building snow, thinking that if they couldn’t find their tent they would surely freeze to death on the way home. Amazingly, they were able to find the tent only a short distance away after the gale finally lifted, and they were able to trudge back home, broken but having survived the most intense journey ever undertaken.

Of course, the big story revolves around Scott, who was trying to become the first person to the South Pole.  When Scott and four of his men arrived at the Pole they found that those dastardly Norwegians (who tricked the English by saying their expedition was for the North Pole and switching directions after leaving port) had gotten there first – 34 days earlier. The five disheartened Englishmen started their long trek home, dragging their gear behind them, and were beset by unseasonably cold weather (we’re talking -50 f. and that’s without wind chill), blizzards, and rough terrain that made their sled an incredible burden to pull. Food and fuel shortages weakened the men while frostbite, snow blindness and injuries hobbled them, and eventually two of the five died from their injuries. The remaining three were found in their tent eight months later, the cause of death being a combination of exhaustion, cold and hunger. They were 11 miles from the depot that might have saved them but they were stuck in a blizzard and literally ran out of gas.

One wonders if they might have survived if they had been successful in their goal of being first to the Pole? Would that burst of victory-fueled adrenaline cheer have quickened their step enough to avoid the deadly blizzard? We shall never know thanks to those damned (much better prepared) Norwegians!

I had originally planned on ending this review by saying I was glad the book was behind me, but now a peculiar thing has happened: I find myself wanting to re-read it.  After reading about the journey in articles online, I realize I missed some details in my skimming, and I find myself a bit obsessed with this expedition.  I guess that makes it a better book than I had originally deemed it.  It’s certainly the most detailed book about an arctic expedition you’re likely to read.

3/5

 

Morbid Sightseeing to Scott’s Hut!

And then I started thinking, wouldn’t it be awesome to go see Scott’s base camp hut, which has been preserved as it was abandoned in 1913?  So I searched and I actually found a company that will take you there!  For the low price of $27,500.  Alas, guess I’ll have to satisfy myself with the virtual tour online.

MFDJ 07/17/18: Death in a Well

Today’s Burning and Smoking Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

On September 1, 1894 a huge firestorm, fed by drought conditions and dry debris left behind by lumber companies, destroyed the town of Hinckley, Minnesota, killing over 418 people. Here’s the story of the recovery of some of the victims.

Early Tuesday (September 4) at 3:00 a.m., a relief train left Duluth on the Eastern Minnesota road with a burial party assigned to comb the outlying territory for six to eight miles around Sandstone. William T. Bailey, veteran lumberman, and George E. Ash, surveyor general, were in charge of the party, and with them were thirty experienced woodsmen and three clergymen.

They arrived at Partridge at 6:00 a.m. where they dismounted and continued on foot to Sandstone. Peat was still burning and smoking, and the bent rails formed grotesque shapes over the track bed. At the Kettle River high bridge they crawled down the embankment and ferried across the river where they discovered a few more survivors who had taken shelter in the quarry office. They left clothes and food with the sufferers, then proceeded up to the top of the west bluff. As they walked through the ruins of the town, their feet would occasionally break through the black crust to the hot coals still burning beneath the surface.

The party split into two groups. One group went to the Bilado farm four miles from Sandstone where they found the blackened, bare body of fourteen-year-old Flora Bilado, who during the fire had left her mother’s side to retrieve a blanket that blew away. Her body was lying about 400 feet from the turnip patch where her mother and three other children had survived. The men nailed together a crude, wooden box, dug a grave and the clergymen said the last rites. Flora was temporarily buried on the family farm.

The second group of searchers discovered an old dried up well near the Peter Englund home which appeared to have been used for a shelter, but the heat was so intense around the structure, the men decided to leave the excavation until the following day. Wednesday they returned and began to dig. After they had cleared away the debris, one by one, bodies of men, women, and children in a horrible state of decomposition were discovered. When the bottom of the hole was finally reached, eighteen deteriorated bodies had been recovered. The odor was nauseating and the bodies were said to be “decapitated, dismembered and fairly cooked in the vapor from their own bodies.” As best they could, the men removed the disintegrating corpses, laid them out on the ground and examined them for marks of identification. Among the dead were Mr. and Mrs. Englund and their seven children. All of the deceased were put into boxes and brought to the Sandstone cemetery for burial.

In the same vicinity, another family had perished in a cellar. They were found leaning against a wall with arms clasped around each other. Before the Bailey party left Sandstone Wednesday night, they had buried twenty-three more citizens of the Sandstone area.

SONY DSC

Culled from: From the Ashes: The Story of the Hinckley Fire of 1894

Wretched Review!

Lenin’s Embalmers
by Ilya Zbarsky and Samuel Hutchinson
So imagine you’re an unassuming chemist in post-revolutionary Russia and Stalin tells you to figure out a way to permanently preserve the rapidly decaying recently-deceased body of Lenin so that it can be on display, in a lifelike state, for future generations.  Or, um, else!That’s the unbelievably stressful situation that the author of this book’s father, Boris Zbarsky, found himself in circa 1924.  He worked with another chemist, Vladimir Vorbiov, to develop an experimental but ultimately extremely successful chemical bath which stemmed the decay, removed the discoloration, and ended up with a more life-like Lenin than the emaciated corpse he actually left behind!

The book is written from the perspective of Zbarsky’s son Ilya, who took on the role of caretaker of Lenin’s corpse.  I don’t know why I was expecting this book to be fascinating because, really, preserving bodies isn’t that fascinating at all.  It’s a lot of drudgery and hum-drum chemistry.  And, indeed, the sections that discuss the actual embalming process are pretty uninteresting.

Thankfully, other parts of Ilya’s story prove to be quite fascinating, including his upbringing as he bounced from entitled estates (when his father found good jobs) to abject poverty in cold rooms with leaky roofs (when his father was struggling).  His description of the starvation and plight of the lower classes during Lenin and Stalin’s reigns are also quite interesting, as are the stories of Stalin’s years of terror, when anyone suspected of being anti-Stalin was eliminated via imprisonment, exile, or execution.

In the end, I lost interest in the book and skimmed through the last chapters.  Alas, it happens.

3/5

MFDJ 06/11/18: The Wickedness of Thallium

Today’s Mimicking Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

The poisonous element thallium mimics the nutritionally essential element potassium, and as a result it passes through the gut wall and into the bloodstream. The body is not fooled for long by thallium and excretes it into the intestines. This is not particularly effective, since a little further along it is once again mistaken for potassium and reabsorbed. The cure for thallium needs to break this cycle of excretion and reabsorption, and the best cure is Prussian blue, the dye of blue ink. This is a complex salt of potassium, iron, and cyanide and was suggested as an antidote in 1969 by a German pharmacologist, Horst Heydlauf of Karlsruhe, at a time when thallium poisoning was believed to be incurable.


Thallium: It’s Bad News!

Before the introduction of Prussian blue, various other treatments were tried such as dimercaprol which in some cases met with apparent success, but is not now recommended. Dithizone or dithiocarb were more successful when administered at the daily rate of about 25 mg/kg body weight. This latter compound had been used in mobilizing nickel and copper in the body and thereby facilitating their excretion, and in 1959 it was shown to protect mice against poisoning by thallium sulphate. It was first used in 1962 in a case of human thallium poisoning and it saved a life. The ability of dithiocarb to increase thallium excretion via the urine was demonstrated in 1967 in the case of an 18-year-old college student who consumed 375 mg of thallium sulphate when she tried to carry out an abortion on herself (in fact it turned out she was not pregnant). Both dithiocarb and dimercaprol were tried as chelating agents. Tests showed that, with no chelating agent, excretion of thallium through her  urine was only 1.7 mg/day, whereas with dimercaprol it was not better at 1.6 mg/day, but with dithicarb it went up to 6.1 mg/day. The young woman eventually recovered and left the hospital after seven weeks but she suffered most of the symptoms of thallium poisoning ranging from the short-term vomiting and diarrhea through the long-term hair loss, blindness, hallucination, and severe headaches and coma, not to mention the terrible pain.

Culled from: The Elements of Murder

P.S. Don’t do thallium, kids!

 

Arcane Excerpts

Here’s some more sound advice from What A Young Boy Ought To Know (1897) by Sylvanus Stall.

That you may properly guard your heart, you will need to avoid with great care all books which are immodest or impure. Many, very many books are evil and impure in character, and not a few are so in purpose. Never read, handle, or listen to a book or paper which you might not ask your Mamma or Papa to read aloud with you. In all these matters, make your parents your counselors and protectors. Turn away in disgust from those who would pollute your mind with vile stories or immodest conversation. For your companions and associates, choose only the pure and the good. If such could not be found, it were better to abide alone. It would be much easier for a bad companion to pull you down than for you to lift him up.

MFDJ 06/05/18: The Misery of the Slave

Today’s Miserable Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

The most brutal aspect of slavery was the separation of families. This was a haunting fear which made all of the slave’s days miserable. In spite of the fact that probably a majority of the planters tried to prevent family separations in order to maintain plantation discipline, practically all of the black autobiographers were touched by the tragedy. Death occurred too frequently in the master’s house, creditors were too relentless in collecting their debts, the planter’s reserves ran out too often, and the master longed too much for expensive items for the slave to escape the clutches of the slave trader. Nothing demonstrated his powerlessness as much as the slave’s inability to prevent the forceable sale of his wife and children.

The callous attitudes frequently held by planters towards slave unions are revealed clearly in statistics: 32.4 % of the unions were dissolved by masters. An overwhelming majority of the couples were separated before they reached their sixth anniversary. The heartlessness of the planters is revealed more clearly in their separation of slaves who had lived together for decades. Several instances of this appeared in Louisiana: Hosea Bidell was separated from his mate of twenty-five years; Valentine Miner from his after thirty years; and, in the most horrifying case of them all, Lucy Robinson was separated from her mate after living with him for forty-three years.


Slave Couple

Culled from: The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South

 

Face of Madness

In The Library Eclectica (the astore of which has been removed, but I will be restoring a version of it online soon), I have a book entitled The Faces of Madness: Hugh W. Diamond and the Origin of Psychiatric Photography (edited by Sander L. Gilman), 1977.  It contains a wonderful collection of photographs of asylum inmates taken in the 1850’s by pioneering medical photographer and psychiatrist Dr. Hugh W. Diamond, along with engravings that were made of them and used in teaching. There are also several case studies by Dr. John Conolly (the leading British psychiatrist of the mid-nineteenth century) for some of the patients.  The portraits are beautiful and sad and the text reveals the psychiatric thought processes of the mid-19th century.

In… the present number, we have a specimen of the odd characters found among the older inmates of asylums, and which, before this series of papers is concluded, must have, as they deserve, a chapter to themselves. Comical as this picture of an old woman appears at the first view, it tells a somewhat lamentable tale of long mental vexation; supervening probably among the trails of the middle or even the youthful period of life, when carelessness, unheeded or untended, a giddy mind uneducated, wild manners and irregular habits, unrestrained by any care of protection, opened a wide way to disturbance; or when perhaps frequent want, or constant discomfort, and wild disorder, or the sharper sorrows incidental even to almost homeless classes of people, unsettled the intellect altogether. The apparently careless air, the reversed bonnet, and a sort of drollery lurking in the cheeks and chin, are largely mixed with traces both of former agitations and excitement, and also with some shadows of lost hope and joy. Activity, and a certain strength of character seem depicted in the general form of the face; in the well-formed forehead, wide and high; in the broad and pronounced chin; in the development of the superciliary region of the brow, and, perhaps, even in the nose. One feels sure that once this poor woman was of a merry mind, and danced and sang, and turned her bonnet round for very mirth. Even now there is something in the position of her head and her general attitude which betokens a consciousness of being an odd and amusing object presented to the casual visitor; but the delvings of care in the forehead and in the whole face are still many and deep: the strong descending lines form the alae nasi to the depressed corners of the mouth, speak of alternations of depression with excitement, and make the physiognomy indicative of past attacks of mania and melancholia, both of which have left their traces there.

This odd facial expression, and combination of various expressions, seem, indeed, to be the natural results of what was known to have been her mode of life. She was by occupation a washerwoman, and, no doubt, for a time active and hard-working. Advancing to middle age, and beginning to feel the exhaustion incidental to daily labour, she began to seek the resource of temporary stimulants, and, soothed and stupefied with gin, became less and less careful as to food, or to food of a good description: for gin seems to silence hunger as it silences conscience. She became occasionally violent, and at length, unmanageable except in an asylum; to which she was taken seventeen years ago. The regular life led there, the good food, the general regulations of the place, and occasional Medical treatment, had their usual good effects. In the laundries of our large asylums near London such cases abound. You see a number of active women, busy at the washing-tub, or dexterous in mangling and folding, but whose air and manner, and somewhat fiery countenance, show that they are not always so composed; and, indeed, the nerves of visitors  are generally more likely to be shaken in the crowd of these useful but eccentric laundresses than elsewhere; for it is the custom of many of them, much violence of voice and gesture. Formerly the nurses, as excited as the patients, used to overpower them and carry them off by main force to the refractory ward, in their progress to which their shouts and remonstrances diffused alarm over nearly the whole building. They are now understood much better. The peculiar form and duration of such outbreaks in these hard-working women are quite familiar to the head-laundress and her assistants; and by observing a rule of very wide application and utility in managing asylums, — the rule of letting them alone, — the most obstreperous among them, after satisfying her mind by the unrestrained expression of her uncontrollable anger, will resume all the activity of the washerwoman, and perhaps give no more trouble for weeks to come.

Such appears to have been the character of the old lady in the reversed bonnet. But the maniacal attack being the first she had experienced, and occurring when at a curable age – a little more than forty – the asylum-influences had a happy effect upon her, and in about eleven months she was discharged cured. But there are patients who seem, however apparently well, still to require this external influence to keep their minds rational; and this poor woman appears to have been one of them; for although it was said that she did not relapse in intemperate habits as to drinking, she was not found to be an endurable neighbor when at large, and was very soon taken back to the asylum. She has acquired the habit of taking large quantities of snuff, a fondness for which appeared to have superseded the fondness for gin; and to obtain snuff she was capable of any cunning, or sometimes of any violence. Even the habit of snuff-taking, the most difficult, it is said, of all small indulgences to be wholly abandoned, she was persuaded to give up, and with very great advantage as regarded mental tranquility and general behavior. Now and then fits of violence still occur; but her usual state is that of an odd, cunning, mischievous patient, delighting in eccentricity of dress.

MFDJ 05/19/18: Agatha and Shock-headed Peter.

Today’s Chaste Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

Let’s have another jolly story of Christian Martyrdom from the classic of the genre, Fox’s Book of Martyrs (1848).  This incident allegedly occurred during the Seventh Persecution, under Decius in A. D. 249:

Agatha, a Sicilian lady, was not more remarkable for her personal and acquired endowments, than her piety: her beauty was such, that Quintian, governor of Sicily, became enamoured of her, and made many attempts upon her chastity without success.

In order to gratify his passions with the greater conveniency, he put the virtuous lady into the hands of Aphrodica, a very infamous and licentious woman. This wretch tried every artifice to win her to the desired prostitution; but found all her efforts were vain; for her chastity was impregnable, and she well knew that virtue alone could procure true happiness. Aphrodica acquainted Quintian with the inefficacy of her endeavours, who, enraged to be foiled in his designs, changed his lust into resentment. On her confessing that she was a christian, he determined to gratify his revenge, as he could not his passion. Pursuant to his orders, she was scourged, burnt with red-hot irons, and torn with sharp hooks. Having borne these torments with admirable fortitude, she was next laid naked upon live coals, intermingled with glass, and then being carried back to prison, she there expired on the 5th of Feb. 251.

Culled from: Fox’s Book of Martyrs
Generously suggested by: Louise

 

Slovenly Peter

When I was at an antique store recently, I stumbled across a copy of ‘Slovenly Peter’ (aka Der Struwwelpeter aka “Shock-headed Peter”), an 1845 German children’s book by Heinrich Hoffmann. Per Wikipedia: : “It comprises ten illustrated and rhymed stories, mostly about children. Each has a clear moral that demonstrates the disastrous consequences of misbehavior in an exaggerated way.  The title of the first story provides the title of the whole book. Der Struwwelpeter is one of the earliest books for children that combines visual and verbal narratives in a book format, and is considered a precursor to comic books.”

Here’s the first “story” of the lot, about Peter himself:

MFDJ 05/09/18: The Winding-Sheet of the Avalanche

Today’s Unstoppable Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

In early December 1916 there was a very substantial snowfall in the eastern Alps, continuing on and off for two weeks. Vast amounts of snow were accumulated in the mountains, and the avalanche risk was clearly high. In mid December there was a brief thaw, and many avalanches were set off. A large avalanche from the Marmolada crashed down on a barracks, killing at least 250 soldiers.

Somebody realized that the snow could be used as a terrifying and highly effective weapon. If avalanche slopes were bombed, the falls created would be unstoppable, they could even be directed. The numbers of soldiers annihilated by a few shells would be far greater than through the straightforward use of artillery.

The facts of what happened were suppressed by censorship, and it is difficult to put a figure on the number of fatalities. A conservative estimate puts the number killed in this way as 40,000, on both sides. Matthias Zdarsky, a well-known skier of the time who was involved in training Austrian troops in mountain warfare, is quoted as saying that: “The mountains themselves were far more dangerous than the Italians.” Zdarsky also claimed to have evidence that 3,000 Austrian soldiers died in only 48 hours through avalanches, and that Italian losses were at least as heavy. A Swiss expert, André Roch, has said that the estimate for avalanche victims throughout the war is 40,000 to 80,000.


An Inglorious Death

The ‘avalanche war’ became known as the White Death. A German book on the campaign says that: “Whole barracks, dashing patrols and marching columns, were buried in the raging avalanches. Hundreds of men were gripped by the white strangler; even the bravest of the brave had no escape from the winding-sheet of the avalanche. I have seen the corpses. It is no glorious death. It is a pitiful way to die, a comfortless suffocation in an evil element.”

Culled from: Catastrophes and Disasters

Of course, nowadays, the melting glaciers are revealing the corpses of the war dead, which is another reason I wish I lived in Europe.

 

Arcane Excerpts: Chlorotic Edition

Here’s an excerpt from Inter-Marriage or the Reason Beauty, Health and Intellect Result from Certain Unions and Deformity, Disease and Insanity from Others by Alexander Walker, 1839 discussing “Chlorosis” (an old term for “iron deficiency anemia”) in girls hitting puberty.

Instead of the natural progression of [normal female puberty] phenomena, there sometimes occurs a state of debility, an absence of excitability, in those organs by which the female participates in reproduction. This appears to cause the non-appearance of the catamenia [menstrual discharge], and of the other phenomena of puberty, as well as great derangement of the general economy, evidenced in extraordinary tastes and depraved appetites.

The majority of chlorotic girls eat with avidity salt, plaster, hair, charcoal, sealing-wax, and drink vinegar and a variety of other unnutritious substances. This is generally accompanied by disorders, more or less intense, of the digestive organs, a softness of the body, a complexion pale and sickly white, with a greenish tint, sunken eyes, extreme nervous susceptibility, and a multitude of nervous disorders.

That these maladies depend on the state of the organs of reproduction, is proved by their yielding in proportion as the activity of these is increased; by their being remedied only when the matrix and the ovaries enter into the regular order of their functions; and by the possibility even of curing them suddenly, by leaving a free course to the exercise of those faculties which have just been developed.

Under these circumstances, it becomes dangerous to increase the young woman’s desire for inactivity, or aversion to society; and it is wisely recommended that she should be induced to read works of imagination, to cultivate music, painting and poetry, and to pass from study to amusement. With those interested in her, it is urged, that every opportunity should be seized of procuring for her lively and pleasing amusement; that she should be constantly led to combat her natural frigidity, and increase her activity.

I’m not sure, but did Walker just suggest that the cure for iron-deficient girls is to be slutty?

MFDJ 05/07/18: An Unsolved Murder

Today’s Unsolved Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

When the normally reliable Russell Keith Dardeen failed to report for work at the water-treatment plant on November 19, 1987, his supervisor and parents immediately became worried and called the police. Upon entering the trailer where Keith lived with his family, the reason for his absence from work became gruesomely apparent.

In the master bedroom, Keith’s wife, Ruby Elaine, and their six-year-old son Peter were found dead in the bed. Both had been beaten to death with Peter’s baseball bat. Elaine was bound and gagged with duct tape. Worst of all, she’d been very pregnant, and had gone into labor and given birth during or shortly after the assault. The baby girl, later named Casey by her surviving relatives, was also bludgeoned to death.


The Dardeen Family, in better, if awkward, times.

It was at first naturally assumed that Keith Dardeen had killed his wife and children, as he was nowhere to be found, and his red 1981 Plymouth was also missing. However, later that day his body was found in a wheatfield not far from the family’s home in Ina, Illinois. He’d been shot three times and his penis had been severed. The blood-spattered Plymouth was also recovered nearby.

The murders of the Dardeen family have never been solved, nor has any plausible motive for the crime been established. Nothing was missing from the home, even though cash, jewelry and electronics were easily accessible.

The Dardeens were quiet, law-abiding people, well-liked by everyone, and there was only a small amount of marijuana found at their home, which may have been theirs but also may have been brought by their killer or killers.

Neither Elaine nor Peter had been sexually assaulted, though obviously the mutilation of Keith Dardeen’s genitalia does have a sexual element to it.

While Ina was a rural area, there had been at least fifteen murders in the two years preceding the Dardeen massacre. Some had been solved, but others hadn’t, and Keith Dardeen had told family and friends that he regretted ever moving to the area, and that he and Elaine planned to leave soon. He had become so fearful that when a young woman approached the trailer wanting to use the telephone, he had refused to let her in.

It seemed the case might be solved with the confessions of serial killer Tommy Lynn Sells. Sells was a voluble and enthusiastic confessor, and he described in detail how Keith Dardeen had picked up the transient Sells and brought him home for supper. Sells claimed at various times that Dardeen had then made sexual advances toward him, and that he and Elaine had invited him to participate in a threesome.

However, there were problems with Sells’s confession which cast doubt on his involvement. Most of the details of the crime that he accurately related had already been made public, and when questioned about things which had not been reported, he got several wrong, and the ones he got right appeared to be lucky guesses. Aside from this, the basic implausibility of Dardeen’s bringing a stranger anywhere near his home and family, never mind soliciting sex from him, further weakened the case against Sells. Sells, was however, executed for other murders and is suspected of many more.

Angel Maturino Resendiz, aka the Railroad Killer, was also considered a suspect. He was also a transient and preyed on people living in close proximity to railroad tracks, as the Dardeens did, and he had been known to beat his victims to death. However, there’s no hard evidence to prove he was even in Illinois at the time of the crime, and the quadruple murders remain unsolved.

Culled from: Wikipedia
Submitted by: Aimee

Arcane Excerpts: More Solitary Vice Advice

More urgent advice (and a major guilt trip) regarding the vice of self-pollution from What A Young Boy Ought To Know (1897) by Sylvanus Stall.

CYLINDER XIII.

The Boy who Practices Solitary Vice Not the Solitary Sufferer.—The Sins of Children Visited upon Their Parents.—Parents often the Greatest Sufferers.—What Parents Do for Their Children.—During Infancy.—During Childhood.—Should Not Disappoint Their Hopes.—Brothers and Sisters Made to Suffer.—His Children after Him Must Suffer the Results of His Sin.—We Reproduce Ourselves.—Cannot Transmit what We Do Not Possess.—What We Are That Our Children Will Be.—The Character of the Boys and Girls of To-day Determines the Character of the Nation a Hundred Years to Come.

MY DEAR FRIEND HARRY: From what I told you last night and the night before you will understand something of the sad consequences of solitary vice; yet the boy himself is not the solitary, or only sufferer. No one can do wrong in any way without causing that others must also bear, at least in some measure, the results of his sin. Not only are the sins of the parents visited upon the children, but the sins of the children are also visited upon the parents.

If by your own act you were to impair your health, enfeeble your intellect, and destroy your usefulness, it is a question whether your parents might not be as great or even greater sufferers than yourself. Think for a moment of what your own parents have done for you. After Mamma had brought you into the world at the risk of her own life, and at the cost of much pain and suffering, for months she gave herself almost wholly to nourishing and caring for you. When the various sicknesses peculiar to childhood came, she guarded you carefully lest you should take cold and die, or be left with impaired sight or hearing, or in some other way be caused to suffer during the remainder of your life with some physical infirmity. When you had the scarlet fever, for days and weeks Mamma and Papa gave themselves almost constantly to you. Day and night they watched over you, and for months, for fear of catching this dreadful disease, or communicating it to others, no one came to the house; and for your sake they cheerfully watched and suffered all without complaint.

Ever since you were born, they have been laboring to provide you every comfort. They have been careful about your instruction and education. They have guarded you from evil companions and dangerous influences of every sort, and I am sure you will readily see what a disappointment and sorrow it would be to them, if you were to do wrong.  What a sorrow to Papa and Mamma it would be to see their boy with sallow face, glassy eye, drooping form, without energy, force, or purpose, a laggard in school, shy, avoiding the society of others, disliking good books, avoiding the Sunday-school, and desiring to escape from every elevating Christian influence. Nothing I am sure would bring greater pain to the hearts of Papa and Mamma, than to know that their dear boy, whom they hoped to prepare for great usefulness, had turned aside into ways of sin and evil which were surely disappointing all their hopes and ruining their boy, both for this world and the world to come.

Not only to them, but what a sorrow and regret would come to that little baby sister when she should grow to womanhood, and then, when she should justly be proud to turn to you for counsel, sympathy, and help, be humiliated to find that you were weak, nervous, and unworthy of the respect and love which she would under other conditions have been glad to have bestowed upon you. Not only would you be wronging your own sister, but you would also be wronging that pure, sweet girl, whom, in the providence of God, we may rightly trust is being prepared to crown and bless your manhood, and with whom you cannot expect to be honored and happy unless your life has been characterized by the same purity and honor which you shall have a right to expect of her.

But the consequences which result from masturbation do not stop with the boy who practices it, nor with his parents, brothers and sisters, friends and relatives, but where such a boy lives to become a man, if he marries, and should become a father, his children after him must suffer to some degree the results of his sin. If his life has disqualified him for thrift, and his children on this account are born in poverty, this would be one of the results which they would suffer. But if his physical powers have been impaired by vice, or any other cause, he cannot transmit perfect physical, mental, and moral powers to his children. For neither physically not financially can a man transmit or give to his children that which he does not himself possess. As in grain so in human life, if the quality of the grain which is sown in the field is poor, the grain that grows from it will be inferior. When a boy injures his reproductive powers, so that when a man his sexual secretion shall be of an inferior quality, his offspring will show it in their physical, mental, and moral natures. So you see that even a young boy may prepare the way to visit upon his children that are to be, the results of vices and sins committed long years before they were born. This surely is a very impressive thought, and you will see how even the little boys of to-day are unconsciously molding and shaping not only the character and destiny of the children that are to come after them, but how they are also shaping the history and destiny of the nation. The thought and conduct, the aspirations and ambitions of the boys and girls in the kindergartens and primary schools are to-day cultivating and developing in them that life and character which will determine what shall be the dominant characteristics of this nation a hundred years to come.

I would that every body in the land might know these facts, so that he might intelligently resolve to take such care of his health that his children might be blessed with vigorous bodies; that he would so obey the laws of morality that his children might inherit a tend towards virtue, uprighteousness, and religion.

You see, then, how important it is that nothing should be done that will weaken any of the faculties of powers which God has given you, and to-morrow night I will endeavor to tell you briefly how boys may preserve their entire bodies in purity and strength.

MFDJ 05/02/18: A Vivacious Death

Today’s Vivacious Yet Truly Morbid Fact!

“Adult” motion picture actors – a community not generally known for their precautionary lifestyle – are particularly frequent victims of the automotive crash exit. Death crash porn stars include among their illustrious ranks Veronica Blue (2000), Krysti Lynn (1995), Tommy Wilde (1994), Leo Ford (1991), and Tom Farrell (1993), who was killed by a hit-and-run driver while urinating by the side of the freeway. The archetypal instance of the genre took place on October 3, 1979, when “vivacious 29-year-old Playboy playmate” Claudia Jennings was involved in a fatal accident on the Pacific Coast Highway. This is a stretch of road notorious for its car crashes as well as for its ghost sightings. According to popular superstition, spirits are drawn to the water, and the Pacific Coast Highway is the road at the end of the earth.


Claudia Jennings:  What, me vivacious?

Culled from: Car Crash Culture

Wretched Recommendation!

The other book I read recently is another fascinating work about Chicago’s morbid history…

City of Scoundrels: The 12 Days of Disaster That Gave Birth to Modern Chicago
by Gary Krist

A fascinating book that tells the story of 12 pivotal days in the life of Chicago during the summer of 1919. A blimp disaster, a transit strike, a race riot, and a child murder all conspire to throw the city into chaos, while the city was led by Big Bill Thompson, a man of great political skill and ambition (we can thank him for making much of the landmark Plan of Chicago a reality), but also deeply flawed in many ways, and ill-equipped to handle the race riot that resulted in numerous murdered Chicagoans who were guilty of nothing more than having the “wrong” color of skin in the “wrong” part of town. The books give great insight into the fractured race relations that are still roiling the city. An excellent book for enthusiasts of Chicago history.

5/5